Circulatory Disorders- Dvt Free Essays

Biology Unit 18- Assignment 4 Circulatory Disorders. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Overview Deep Vein Thrombosis, also known as DVT is a preventable circulatory disorder which occurs when a blood clot is formed in a deep vein, they usually develop in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis, but can also occur in the arms. DVT can cause pain and swelling and can lead to complications such as a pulmonary embolism, however DVT is preventable and if diagnosed early treatable. We will write a custom essay sample on Circulatory Disorders- Dvt or any similar topic only for you Order Now How DVT forms (leg vein) Veins pass through the deep tissues of the legs; there are superficial veins located just below the surface of the skin and deep veins which run between muscles. These veins transport blood from the legs and feet back up to the heart. When a thrombosis (blood clot) forms in a superficial vein the condition is known as superficial thrombophlebitis, this is different to DVT and is not as serious. DVT occurs when a thrombus builds up in these deep veins which partly or completely block the flow of blood through the vein. Many blood clots are so small that our bodies can gradually break them down returning the flow back to normal. However when a large blood clot occurs It can completely block the flow of blood causing swelling and tenderness (although symptoms ar e not always visible). Blood clots can become extremely dangerous If a part of it breaks off and travels up to the lungs, this is called a pulmonary embolism, it is extremely dangerous and in worst cases can cause death. People At Risk Almost anyone can contract DVT but there are factors which can significantly increase someone’s chances of developing the condition, especially if someone has one or more of these risk factors at the same time. Below are some of the factors which could increase the risk of contracting DVT: †¢ An injury to one of the deep veins caused by a fracture, severe muscle injury or major surgery. †¢ Slow blood flow caused by paralysis, sitting for a long time (especially with legs crossed, limited movement e. g a leg cast or confinement to a bed. Increased oestrogen for example during pregnancy, when using birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy. †¢ Certain chronic medical illnesses such as Cancer and it’s treatment, heart disease and lung disease. †¢ Previous DVT or family history of the disorder. †¢ Age, obesity, smoking or blood pressure. Symptoms of DVT Small blood clots which the body can gradually break down show no symptoms however large clots which partly or completely block the bloody flow cause symptoms such as swelling to the affected area, pain or tenderness, a change in colour of the skin or skin which feels warm or hot to touch. Diagnosing DVT A GP will ask about the symptoms you have and examine the area. If they think DVT is suspected a referral to a specialist is taken into action, at hospital the following tests will be conducted. †¢ D-Dimer- A test that measures the substance which develops when a blood clot breaks down, if the test has a negative result it is unlikely that DVT is the problem. †¢ Doppler Ultrasound- A test using sound waves to look at your blood as it flows through your blood vessels, this is the best test to detect blood clots above the knee. Venogram- This is involves injecting a special dye into the suspected vein which shows up on an X-ray. Treatment When DVT is diagnosed Anticoagulant medicines are the standard treatment, these thin the blood by changing the chemicals wi thin it, they stop new clots from forming and old ones from getting bigger. Anticoagulants can’t dissolve clots you already have as your body will do that over time. Thrombolytic medicines are also sometimes used which dissolve the blood clots, although they can cause bleeding so are not usually the most common of treatments. Compression socks are also advised to be worn (sometimes for up to two years), these ease the pain, reduce swelling and help to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome Preventable Measures At Hospital: After being assessed for the risk of DVT a healthcare team will recommend various things to prevent blood clotting. If going into hospital and the patient is taking the combined contraceptive pill, using HRT or aspirin than they would be asked to stop taking these, usually 4 weeks for contraceptive pills or HRT and one week for aspirin. During Hospital : Whilst at hospital a healthcare team can do a number of things to reduce the risk of DVT such as providing anticoagulant medicines or advising the patient to wear compression stockings helping to keep the blood in your legs circulating or having the patient wear a compression device which is worn the same way as stockings but inflates at regular intervals to squeeze your legs and encourage blood flow. When leaving hospital: If continuing treatment is necessary the patient will be asked to continue wearing compression stockings or taking anticoagulant medicines. Lifestyle: We can do several things by adapting our lifestyle which will considerably reduce our chances such as getting regular exercise, not smoking, keeping at a healthy weight and eating healthy Travelling: When travelling for long distances it is important to perform leg exercises and keep moving if possible, by drinking plenty of water and avoiding alcohol this will decrease the chances, wearing compression stockings can also help. References Internet: Bupa. (2009) ‘Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)’http://hcd2. bupa. co. uk/fact_sheets/html/deep_vein_thrombosis. html#2 Accessed on 20/10/10 CDC. 2010) ‘Facts about deep vein thrombosis’ http://www. cdc. gov/ncbddd/dvt/508-DVTFactSheet. pdf Accessed on 20/10/10 NHS. (2010) ‘Deep vein thrombosis’ http://www. nhs. uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/Pages/Introduction. aspx Accessed on 17/10/10 NHS. (2010) ‘Deep vein thrombosis – Prevention’ http://www. nhs. uk/Conditions/Deep-vein-thrombosis/Pages/Prevention. aspx Accessed on 18/10/10 Electronic Journal: Cayley,W. (2007) ‘Preventing deep vein thrombosis in hospital inpatients’ British Medical Journal http://www. bmj. com/content/335/7611/147. full? sid=69a2603d-597a-45dd-b164-699d873e01f5 Accessed on 22/10/10 Books: Mackean, D. (2002) Gcse Biology 3rd ed. London, UK: Hodder Education Boyle, M. (2008) Collins Advanced Science – Human Biology 3rd ed. London, UK: Collins Educational Reference Evaluation: All recourses used as a reference have been carefully selected and are reliable based upon many factors including Authors credentials, recent published dates, up to date editions and scholarly publishers. After an initial appraisal I then examined the body of the source, for example the National Health Service is politically accountable to the relevant devolved government and will always hold the most up to date and accurate information. How to cite Circulatory Disorders- Dvt, Papers

Security and Freedom in Present Day America free essay sample

A paper which explores the issues of security vs. freedom in post-September 11th America. The paper discusses the cry for doing whatever it takes to guarantee American citizens safety and security and to prevent a similar terrorist act from recurring in the United States in the highly emotional aftermath of September 11th. In the process, calls are being made for special exemptions and greater liberty for the government to interfere into the private affairs of the citizens in the name of stopping any future terrorist conspiracies. The author shows that what is too easily forgotten is that it is a much easier process to give away and lose ones individual liberty than it is to get it back once power has been transferred to the political authority, and that the freedoms that one may lose in the present emergency are likely to remain lost to a great degree for long after the urgency has past. We will write a custom essay sample on Security and Freedom in Present Day America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The paper studies, in particular, the strengthened security in the aviation field. In the months following the attacks, security was stepped up within flight schools, but the typical profile was that of an Arab national. This left the general aviation industry stunned when 15 year old Charles Bishop flew a Cessna 172 into a building, in an apparent copycat incident in January 2002. Bishop, who had taken flight lessons for two years, had gone to the private-plane section of the St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport, accompanied by his mother and grandmother. His instructor left him at the plane to perform a pre-flight inspection, authorities said. (3) Because he was under 16 (the legal age to fly solo) he had no authority to get in the plane alone, and was required to have an instructor with him. In the aftermath of this incident, the FAA has made recommendations to FBOs to help strengthen security. Of the 11 recommendations outlined by FAA on Jan. 9, nine are nothing more than common sense.

Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric Sample

Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric Paper The aim of this experiment it to analyze the solution of Baa(OH)2 of an unknown concentration. In order to obtain the quantitative analysis, the exact amount of a particular compound or element present in sample, two procedures were performed. The first procedure was by conductivities titration and by gravimetric determination. The conductivity was analyzed during the reaction between the sulfuric acid (HOSES) and barium hydroxide (Baa(OH)2). Through the conductivity, the equivalence point can be determined; from there, the concentration of the Baa(OH)2 solution can be found. The final product of the reaction between sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide is insoluble. According to the lab manual, during the reaction, the total number of dissociated ions in solution is greatly reduced as a precipitate is formed. With the Conductivity Probe, the changes in conductivity of the solution will be analyzed. The collection of Baa(OH)2 precipitate, allowing it to dry, and carefully weighing it will allow for the calculations of the amount of barium ion(from original sample) of unknown concentration, which will aid in finding the concentration. These procedures are pendent on gravimetric analysis (the most accurate and reliable procedures). Important requirements for a successful gravimetric analysis include: a pure compound with an identifiable geochemistry, the precipitation reaction must be complete, specificity of precipitation reagent in sample, the solid sample should be a reasonable-sized crystal, and the molecular weight should be reasonable enough for a good weight of the precipitate generated. For the full formation of the precipitate, it will need to be flocculated. The final outcome of this experiment is to handle, isolate, and analyze chemical samples carefully and thoroughly. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation

Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation By definition, an exoskeleton is a skeleton on the outside of the body. One example of an exoskeleton is the hard outer covering that makes up the skeleton of many insects. However, today there is a new invention that claims the name of exoskeleton. Exoskeletons for human performance augmentation is a new type of body army being developed for soldiers that will significantly increase their capacity. An exoskeleton will allow you to carry more without feeling the weight, and move faster too. History of Exoskeleton General Electric developed the first exoskeleton device in the 1960s. Called the Hardiman, it was a hydraulic and electrical body suit, however, it was too heavy and bulky to be of military use. Currently, exoskeleton development is being done by DARPA under their Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation Program lead by Dr. John Main. DARPA began phase I of the exoskeleton program in 2001. Phase I contractors included Sarcos Research Corporation, University of California, Berkeley, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. DARPA selected two contractors to enter the program’s second phase in 2003, Sarcos Research Corporation and the University of California, Berkeley. The program’s final phase, which began in 2004, is being conducted by the Sarcos Research Corporation and focuses on development of a fast-moving, heavily armored, high-power lower and upper body system. Sarcos Research Corporation The Sarcos exoskeleton being developed for DARPA utilizes a number of technological innovations, including. A combustion-based driver to support advanced hydraulic actuators that produce robotic limb movements with very high strength, speed, bandwidth, and efficiency; and,A control system that allows the operator to move naturally, unencumbered and without additional fatigue, while the exoskeleton carries the payload. Application-specific packages can be attached to the exoskeleton. These packages could include mission-specific supplies, protective outer coverings capable of operation in extreme threat and weather conditions, various electronic systems, weapons, or supplies and instrumentation for medical support and surveillance. The exoskeleton could also be used to move material in places inaccessible to vehicles, on board ships, and where forklifts are not available.

Effect of Taxation on the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Effect of Taxation on the Economy - Essay Example This also leads to a less desirable allocation of the society's resources, thereby bringing about an additional loss in the overall well being. This loss is often referred to as the excess burden of the tax. It is a measure of the inefficiency of the tax, which is to say that it takes more than 1 of private output resource and income to finance 1 of public expenditure. Estimates predict that the taxes would positively use resources only to a certain extent after which these resources will escape into informal sector and diminish tax growth and efficiency. This paper examines the effects of different types of taxes as well as the tax rates on the economic efficiency of the country. It will first give an overview of the types of taxes that are levied and their relevance after which it will compare the tax revenues and the tax rates. It will be followed by a case study to amplify the effects of taxation on the economy. Taxes are direct and indirect in nature of collection. If the taxes are collected directly from the individuals and organisations on whom they are imposed then we refer to them as direct taxes while the taxes that are collected from person other than the one on whom it is imposed it is referred to as indirect tax. Taxes can be divided into two major categories. ... It is often argued that if the present system of levying income tax is replaced with the broad consumption based tax system it would greatly improve the economic efficiency on many accounts. It would eliminate the influence of taxes on the timing of consumption and it may also subject different sources of income to be included in the tax base and similar tax rates which would have otherwise not come under the tax net. A broader tax base would also help in lowering the overall marginal tax rates hence giving a wider choice to the consumer. (James,2006) The lesser the tax system influences the economic choices of the firms and the consumers the more efficient it will be.Income tax by its nature affects two major house hold decisions. Firstly it reduces the price of current leisure in relation to its current consumption. This induces the households to cut back on their consumption and labor supply and increase the leisure. Secondly by taxing the capital income, the income tax brings dow n the price of current consumption in comparison to the future consumption thus discouraging house holds to save more thereby lowering the investment potential of the economy. (Tuomala 1990) On the other hand the consumption based tax influences only the buying decision of the individuals and the returns to the capital income are left untaxed. To make a tax base broader and more neutral it is imperative to lower marginal tax rates. This way the comprehensive tax will improve the economic efficiency to a large extent. Tax Rates v/s Tax Revenues. Higher tax rates levied by the government equally affects all individuals in the society. The

Film--Fog Of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film--Fog Of War - Essay Example The first pointer involves the role of the U.S in the Vietnam War. McNamara was one of the principal U.S leaders that orchestrated the war which resulted in the deaths of 3 million Vietnamese and 58,000 Americans. In the documentary, 85 year old McNamara (playing himself), speaks about the Congressional resolution that gave credence and legality to the Vietnam War. It was later learnt that the U.S Congress, Kennedy and McNamara himself all wrongly interpreted the torpedo incident in the Gulf of Tonkin, which never took place in the exaggerated fashion it was reported (Petrakis). The second pointer to the film’s theme involves the firebombing of 67 Japanese cities by the U.S in 1945 that killed nearly 1 million Japanese (Turan), including a single event in which about 100,000 Japanese were scorched to death in Tokyo. Colonel Curtis Le May, who directed the military operations, along with McNamara (his assistant at that time), were both convinced that the firebombing would bring about a speedy end to World War II. McNamara supports the decision of LeMay and himself that led to so many horrific Japanese deaths by exemplifying it to one of the 11 lessons he learnt in life, namely, â€Å"In Order to Do Good, You May Have to Engage in Evil† (Petrakis). The last pointer to the documentary’s theme involves the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Colonel Curtis LeMay and McNamara actively featured in it. This time however, the two leaders managed to pull back inches from the brink of what would have been an outright nuclear war between the U.S and the Soviet Union. Leaders of both superpowers were certain of their individual interpretations of the crisis that did not deserve such certitude, and if it were not for Nikita Khrushev’s backing down and withdrawing Soviet missiles from Cuba, and Kennedy’s decision to take the advice of Tommy Thompson who had an acute insight into

Cyber Security Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cyber Security Industry - Research Paper Example is initiating its business that can provide the customers with a safer IT working environment. The thesis paper has enlightened the areas such as business overview, marketing, human resource, and financial information explicitly and comprehensively that one needs to consider for the start-up of a business. By looking at the market trends of the growing businesses, it has come to notice that cyber security industry is one of the sectors that are growing at an unprecedented rate due to the technological advancement (Gallaher, Link & Rowe, pp. 89-94). In this regard, the enterprise ABC Corporation Ltd. intends to initiate the business in the cyber security industry. The primary business unit of the company is located in the downtown area of Atlanta, Georgia. This is because it is one of the industrial hubs with proximity to customers. ABC Corporation is initiating its business operation from a local platform; however, the future strategy includes business growth and expansion over the entire market of United States in the industry of cyber security and on international market as well. The startup business would analyze the potential clients system, test it for vulnerabilities of a hacker, and provide solutions to resolving those vulnerabilities, and improving the overall security of the information. Primary products and services offered by ABC Corporation to its clients include cyber security assessments, vulnerability analysis, cyber security audits, cyber security training, secure broadband network communications, cyber intelligence systems, software and analytics to address cyberspace threats, and other capabilities that enable the customers to detect, evaluate and respond to cyber threats (Gallaher, Link & Rowe, pp. 89-94). Upon the start-up of the business in the sector of cyber security, ABC Corporation would require furniture and fixtures, office equipments such as computer systems with database server, network security that include computer